Material blends have the objective of associating their properties to obtain a more efficient material. The most frequent blends : cotton/polyester, cotton/elastane and wool / polyamide.
Various processes exist to blend materials:
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Intimate blend of fibres;
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Thread assembly blend;
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Structure composed of different types of thread.
Recyclability of blends
Materials composed of blends can be difficult to recycle. In effect during recycling preparation, materials are separated and sorted. To ensure good material sorting, the product composition must be easy to read (label).
Consequently, products composed of lots of materials should be avoided; single-component materials should be preferred.
In addition, the quantity of elastane in a product must not exceed 5% in order to not disrupt recycling ; ideally it should be limited to 2%.
Intimate blend process
An intimate blend consists in mixing fibres prior to the spinning phase (passage from fibre to thread). The different types of fibre clumps are carded (disentangled and aligned in parallel) to form a sliver. The sliver, composed of several materials, is firstly transformed into a ribbon, then a strand and lastly a thread. The blend is characterised as intimate as it occurs at the fibre stage.
Thread assembly blend process
A thread assembly blend consists in combining two threads of different composition to form a single thread. This blend therefore occurs after the spinning stage (passage from fibre to thread.
Threads can be assembled in various ways: plied thread, cabled thread or covered thread.
Plied threads consist in two threads twisted together (1), cabled threads are composed of at least two plied threads re-twisted together (2) and covered threads are composed of a cored yarn around which a covering thread is wound (3).
Blending process in thread structure
To achieve a material blend within the structure of a fabric (1) or knitwear (2) it is necessary to use several threads of different compositions to produce the fabric.
Polycotton
Polycotton is the abbreviation for a polyester/cotton blend. It's the blend which is the most frequently encountered. This blend can be blended as an intimate blend, by thread assembly or within the fabric structure. By combining cotton and polyester, this blend enables a material with numerous properties to be obtained:
Resistance - Crease resistance - Dimensional stability - Absorption capacity - Ease of care - Comfort
It is obviously possible to blend recycled polyester with recycled cotton to reduce the material's environmental impact.
Cotton / elastane
Blends with elastane are also very frequent given that this material provides product elasticity.
To blend cotton and elastane it is necessary to use the covered thread method with the elastane serving as the core thread and the cotton as the covering thread. This enables the elastane to conserve its elasticity.
The cotton / elastane blend is namely used in the jeans industry to give jeans their "stretch" properties. .
Wool / polyamide
The wool / polyamide blend is often used to give resistance to wool and make it easier to care for (reduce felting) whilst conserving its thermal insulation and comfort properties.
This blend is therefore frequently used in coats and pullovers. In addition, numerous brands already propose products in recycled wool and polyamide.
